Amalgam vs White Fillings: Which Is Better for Your Teeth?

When it comes to treating tooth decay, one of the most common questions patients ask is: “What’s the difference between silver and white fillings?” Whether you’re getting your first filling or replacing an old one, knowing the pros and cons of each option can help you make an informed choice that suits your smile, lifestyle, and oral health goals.

What Are Amalgam Fillings?

Amalgam fillings—often called silver fillings—have been widely used in dentistry for over a century. They’re made from a durable mixture of metals, including silver, tin, copper, and mercury. Their biggest advantage is strength: they’re tough, long-lasting, and particularly useful for large cavities in the back teeth where biting pressure is greatest. Because they’ve been around so long, they’re also typically more affordable and quick to place. However, amalgam fillings do have drawbacks. They’re very noticeable, especially when you open your mouth, and over time they can cause slight discolouration in the surrounding tooth. Some patients also express concern about the mercury content, although amalgam is considered safe by dental and health authorities.

Why More Patients Choose Composite (White) Fillings

Composite fillings—commonly referred to as white fillings—are made from a tooth-coloured resin that can be closely matched to the shade of your natural teeth. For many patients, the aesthetic benefit alone is enough to choose composite, especially when the filling is on a front or visible tooth. But white fillings offer more than just a better appearance. They bond directly to your tooth’s surface, allowing your dentist to preserve more of the healthy structure. This makes the treatment more conservative and helps maintain the integrity of your natural teeth. Composite fillings also don’t contain mercury, which is a big plus for health-conscious patients and those concerned about environmental impact.

How Do They Compare in Strength and Durability?

Modern composite materials have come a long way. While they were once considered less durable than amalgam, today’s composites are strong enough to be used in most parts of the mouth—including back teeth. With good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups, white fillings can last around 7 to 10 years or longer. That said, amalgam is still slightly more durable in large fillings under heavy pressure. For very large cavities in back molars, your dentist may still recommend amalgam or other alternatives such as inlays or crowns.

Are Composite Fillings Safe?

Yes, composite fillings are safe and widely used in dental practices across the UK. They’re mercury-free, and many modern materials are also BPA-free for patients seeking even greater peace of mind. They don’t expand and contract with temperature changes the way metal fillings sometimes can, which helps reduce the risk of small cracks in your teeth over time.

What About Cost?

Composite fillings are generally more expensive than amalgam because the materials are more advanced and the procedure takes longer. Your dentist must carefully layer and shape the resin, then harden it with a special light. However, many patients feel that the natural look and additional benefits justify the extra cost. In most UK practices, NHS treatments still include amalgam as the standard filling material for back teeth, with white fillings available privately or under specific circumstances. It’s always worth discussing your options with your dentist.

Which Filling Is Right for You?

The best filling for you depends on a few factors—like where the filling is needed, how much tooth structure is missing, your budget, and your cosmetic preferences. If you’re after a strong, long-lasting, and cost-effective solution, amalgam may still be a practical option. But if you want a more discreet, modern, and mercury-free alternative, composite fillings are an excellent choice for most patients.

Final Thoughts

White composite fillings offer an attractive, minimally invasive, and safe solution to restore decayed or damaged teeth. With advances in dental materials, they’re now more durable than ever, making them suitable for almost every situation. If you’re unsure which type of filling is best for your needs, your dentist will be happy to walk you through the pros and cons of each, ensuring you receive the treatment that’s right for your oral health—and your smile.